Sanders, John (2009): The film Genre Book. Leighton Buzzard: Auteur
This relates to my Critical Investigation, as it explores how films like Goodfellas contain traditional conventions of a gangster film
"Main argument about ideology and the gangster film tends to focus on the ambiguity of the gangster and appears to derive from a short but famous essay by Warshow, originally published in 1948". Page 68
Strinati, Dominic (2000): An Introduction to Studying Popular Culture. New York. Routledge
This quote illustrates the main ideologies within gangster films, which can be used as history within my critical investigation
"Moral panics emphasize the social and legal consequences of widespread public exposure to crime, violence, and other societal, ethical or medical ills".
Laughey, Dan (2009): Media Studies Theories and Approaches. Herts: Kamera Books
By exracting this quote, i will be able to use moral panics as a theory within my critical investigation. Also this provides a breif outline of what a moral panic is.
"The gangster’s whole life is an effort to assert himself as an individual, to draw himself out of the crowd, that the gangster is a man of the city and that the typical gangster film presents a steady upward progress followed by a very precipitate fall". Page 76
Neale, Steve (2000): Genre and Hollywood. London: Routledge
This quote defines the gangsters primary amibition and the typical representation, which will eb useful to use in my critical investigation.
"Research has made it very clear that repeated exposure to glamorized and trivialized media violence contributes to children’s adoption of violence prone attitudes, to their emotional desensitization, and sometimes to their violent actions". Page 69
Cantor, Joanne (2000): Media Violence Alert. Zionsville, IN: DreamCatcherPress
This quote explains the effect of violent imagery on children, which can be a result of consuming gangster films, if it gets on the wrong hands.
"Laura Molvy is the theorist who established the male gaze"
Kolker, Robert (2009): Media studies an introduction, Oxford, England: Wiley-Blackwell
This theory can used in my critical investigation to explore representations of women in gangster films
"Concept of stereotype was first introduced into the social sciences by Lipman in 1922"
O'sullivan, Tim, Jewkes Yvonne eds (1997): Media studies reader, Euston RD, London: Arnold
This quote could be used when describing the stereotypes that are thought of when the word gangster is mentioned. To describe a brief history of stereotypes a quote like this can be used.
"If a concept is reflected to as a stereotype, then the implications is that it is simple rather than complex or differentiated: erroneous rather than accurate; second hand, rather than from direct experience; and resistant to modification by new experience".
Harding, J. 1968: Stereotypes, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences.
A quote like this can be used to describe the complexity of a stereotype and how simply they can be created.
"Andrew Tudors (1974) account of the genre where he compares it unfavorably with the western, characterizing the 'urban nightmare' so often attributed to the gangster film as a 'brutal universe... mechanistic, offering little in the way of social and emotional riches".
Cook, Pam and Bernink, Mieke (1999): The cinema book, Stephen Street, London: BFI publishing.
This fairly long quote can be used to compare the western genre with the gangster genre, as can identify it as a development or an off branch.
Ryall (1979) stable iconographic elements can be divided into three categories:
1. The physical presence, attributed and dress of the actors and actresses and the characters they play:
2. The urban milieux in which the fiction is played out
3. The technology at the character's disposal, principally guns and cars page 174
Cook, Pam and Bernink, Mieke (1999): The cinema book, Stephen Street, London: BFI publishing.
From this we can explore traditional iconographic elements that are present in almost all old gangster films.
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